ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib holds a significant place in Islamic history as the last Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, the political successor to the dominions established by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Renowned as a close and esteemed companion of Muhammad, he holds the distinct position of being regarded as the first Imam by Shia Muslims, signifying his rightful status as both a religious and political heir to Muhammad.

The question of succession following Muhammad’s passing marked a pivotal turning point in Islamic history, leading to a profound schism that divided the Muslim community into two major branches. The Shia tradition advocates for an appointed, hereditary leadership within the lineage of ʿAlī’s descendants, while the Sunni tradition aligns itself with the concept of political dynasties.

Tragically, ʿAlī’s life was cut short when he was assassinated within the Grand Mosque of Kufa by a Kharijite, coinciding with the ascent of the Umayyad Caliphate. In his honor, the Imam Ali Shrine and the city of Najaf were established around his tomb, becoming a sacred pilgrimage site visited annually by millions of devoted followers.